Metal organic frameworks-derived hollow functional materials: Synthetic strategies and electrocatalytic applications

Hollow nanostructure materials derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have many promising applications in electrochemical energy storage and conversion, benefiting from their large specific surface area and void space, accelerating electron and mass transport. Significant efforts have been devoted to designing and fabricating hollow materials with manipulated geometric morphology, optimized electronic structure, and diverse composition. This review summarizes the current research progress of MOF-derived hollow materials for electrocatalysis. Here, we commence with the synthesis strategies for MOF-derived hollow functional materials, providing a comprehensive overview of design approaches for hollow structures. These encompass acid etching, ion exchange, templating methods, and autocatalytic pyrolysis, demonstrating the rich possibilities and advantages in designing and synthesising MOF-derived hollow materials. Subsequently, we focus on representative advances in the application of MOF-derived hollow materials within the field of small-molecule conversion, including hydrogen evolution reactions, oxygen evolution reactions, and oxygen reduction reactions. Finally, synthesis optimization and application prospects of MOF-derived hollow materials are provided.