Titanium Carbide-Enhanced BioRoot Sealer: A Novel Approach to Improve Root Fracture Resistance and Calcium Ion Release

This in vitro study evaluated a novel endodontic sealer composed of BioRoot RCS modified with 1 wt.% titanium carbide (TC), sintered at 600°C. The investigation focused on calcium ion release and fracture resistance of treated teeth—two parameters critical for long-term success. Thirty extracted human mandibular premolars were assigned to three groups: control (unfilled), BioRoot RCS, and BioRoot RCS with TC. Following canal preparation and obturation, specimens were embedded in acrylic resin and subjected to vertical compressive load testing. Calcium ion release was quantified using inductively coupled plasma analysis at intervals up to 30 days. The BioRoot/TC group showed significantly higher fracture resistance than the BioRoot-only and control groups (p < 0.05), demonstrating enhanced mechanical reinforcement. Although BioRoot RCS alone released more calcium ions, both groups peaked at about 22.5 days, indicating that TC incorporation did not eliminate bioactivity but moderately reduced ion release. Overall, titanium carbide addition improved the sealer’s mechanical strength without substantially compromising its biological function. This dual-function formulation offers promising potential, combining structural reinforcement with adequate bioactivity to support periapical healing, thus representing an advancement in root canal sealers aimed at improving clinical outcomes.