The Effect of Dried Powdered Amnion on the Expression of M1 and M2 Macrophages and Changes in Acute Experimental Wound Area in Rats

Macrophages play a pivotal role in wound healing by coordinating inflammatory, proliferative, and tissue-remodeling phases through dynamic phenotypic shifts. This study aimed to determine the effect of dried powdered amnion (DPA) on the expression of M1 (iNOS) and M2 (CD206) macrophages, as well as changes in acute wound area in rats. A total of 63 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control, dried amnion sheet (DAS), and DPA, with observations conducted at 6 hours, day 2, and day 5. Wound tissues were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, while wound areas were measured using the IMITO® application. DPA produced significantly higher iNOS expression compared to other groups and demonstrated increased CD206 expression on day 2. A strong positive correlation was observed between both macrophage markers and changes in wound area, with CD206 showing a stronger relationship. These results indicate that DPA effectively modulates macrophage polarization and enhances wound healing in acute wounds.