Artificial Womb Technology for Extremely Premature Neonates: Preclinical Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

In this narrative review, we examine current neurological and neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with extreme prematurity, specifically in infants born between 22 and 24 weeks of gestational age. In addition, we explore the scientific and clinical rationale for the development of artificial womb technology and provide an overview of the current state of the art in preclinical models. For each model, we review and analyze the neurological outcomes, including structural, developmental, and functional outcomes, evaluating their limitations in anticipation of imminent clinical translation.