Comprehensive metric-based assessment of fabric phase sorptive extraction’s greenness and operational performance in water sample preparation and analysis

• Assessment of the greenness of FPSE methods for contaminant extraction from water. • Comparative analysis of results obtained using AGREEprep and SPME metrics. • Integrated assessment combining greenness (AGREE) and practicality (BAGI). • PCA distinguished methods with superior greenness and practicality. Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) is a sample preparation technique that has gained significant attention due to its operational simplicity, low solvent consumption, and improved sorbent loading relative to traditional extraction techniques. In this study, the greenness and practicality of thirty FPSE-based methods applied to contaminants in environmental water were systematically assessed using four metric tools. As a sample preparation technique, greenness was evaluated according to the Analytical Greenness Metric for Sample Preparation (AGREEprep) and the Sample Preparation Metric of Sustainability (SPMS), yielding score ranges of 0.22 – 0.80 and 6.0 – 8.0, respectively. When considered as complete analytical methodologies, the Analytical GREEnness Metric (AGREE) scores ranged between 0.40 and 0.62. Practicality was assessed according to the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI), yielding scores between 55 and 75. Overall, FPSE-based methods were both green and practical. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to identify methods achieving satisfactory greenness and practicality. The greenness and practicality of FPSE can be improved by reducing the use of toxic solvents, automation, and using less energy-intensive instrumentation.