Effects of two shapes of teeth spike harrow on soil pulverization in-dex and pulverization depth

The study was conducted in three phases. The first phase involved designing (circular and rectangular) spike tooth harrow implement using SolidWorks software according to the required dimensions and measurements. The second phase included testing and analyzing the stresses affecting the structure of the spike tooth harrow (circular and rectangular) under conditions similar to the field conditions in which the machine operates, using Inventor software and the Finite Element Method (F.E.M).The third phase involved field evaluation in a silty loam soil that had been plowed using moldboard plows, followed by Harrowing with those teeth to break up the clods of soil resulting from plowing and to assess their impact on the depth and of soil pulverization index. The results showed that the circular spike tooth harrow implement recorded the highest values for maximum stress and principal stress, while the rectangular spike tooth harrow implement recorded the highest deflection value. The disc plow significantly outperformed the moldboard plow in recording the highest value for the of pulverization index, while the moldboard plow significantly outperformed the disc plow in recording the highest value for the depth of pulverization. The forward speed of (8.20) km/h significantly outperformed the forward speed of (13.02) km/h in recording the highest values for both the of soil pulverization index and the depth of pulverization. The rectangular tooths outperformed in recording the less and best value the of soil pulverization index. The circular tooth outperformed in recording the highest value the of the depth of pulverization.