Research hotspots and frontiers in the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer: a bibliometric review from 2005 to 2024

The GC TME research landscape from 2005 to 2024 featured three prominent immunotherapy frontiers: chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T lymphocytes (CAR-T) cell technology, immune checkpoint blockade therapy, and key components of TME. Simultaneously, epigenetic regulation (m6A methylation), computational oncology (machine learning applications), and metastatic microenvironments (liver metastasis patterns) emerged as pivotal research directions. These findings establish a comprehensive framework for GC TME research, delineate current priorities, and offer critical guidance for exploring future therapeutic strategies.