Towards a Green Future: Advances in Biological Carbon Fixation Strategies

Increased global carbon emissions have heightened the urgency to address climate change, necessitating innovative strategies for carbon sequestration. Biological carbon fixation has emerged as a promising strategy owing to its environmental compatibility and economic potential. An extensive analysis of recent advancements in biological carbon fixation technologies is reviewed herein, focusing on optimization strategies for natural, artificial, and coupled carbon fixation pathways. integration of biological systems with electrochemical and photochemical methods to enhance carbon capture efficiency has been highlighted. Despite substantial progress, challenges remain in upscaling these technologies for industrial applications. Moreover, the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) for optimizing enzyme engineering, metabolic pathway design, and bioreactor systems for industrial-scale carbon fixation was explored. The future of biological carbon fixation can be driven by overcoming these bottlenecks using innovative hybrid systems, advanced enzyme engineering, and AI-driven optimization. Such advances will enable biological carbon fixation to play a pivotal role in mitigating climate change and fostering a circular, green economy.