Estimation of Serum C-reactive Protein, Nitric Oxide, Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione Reductase, and Glutathione Peroxidase Level in Lung Cancer

Background Oxidative stress and systemic inflammation play critical roles in lung cancer progression. Biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), nitric oxide (NO), and key antioxidant enzymes, may contribute to understanding the disease mechanism. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate serum levels of CRP, NO, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in lung cancer patients compared with healthy controls. Methods A case-control study was conducted involving 50 lung cancer patients and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Serum CRP, NO, SOD, GR, and GPx levels were analyzed using standard biochemical methods, including turbidimetric immunoassay and spectrophotometric techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Significantly increased serum CRP and NO levels and significantly reduced SOD, GR, and GPx enzyme activities were observed among lung cancer patients compared with controls (p < 0.001). No significant correlations were identified between inflammatory and antioxidant biomarkers. Conclusion The imbalance between elevated inflammatory markers and reduced antioxidant defense suggests enhanced oxidative stress in lung cancer patients. These biomarkers may support clinical assessment and disease monitoring.