Entrepreneurial orientation in Vietnam a systematic literature review and future directions

Purpose This study aims to synthesize the current state of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) research in Vietnam, a rapidly growing economy with unique cultural and institutional characteristics. This study examines methodologies, theoretical frameworks, antecedents, outcomes and gaps in EO research to provide insights for researchers, policymakers and practitioners. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review (SLR) method was used to collect 36 empirical studies focusing on entrepreneurial orientation research in Vietnam between 2011 and 2025. These studies were analyzed using content analysis to assess research methods, measurement tools, theoretical frameworks and key findings. Findings The review reveals that quantitative methods are predominant, with no studies using qualitative or mixed methods approaches in the sample. Resource-based view and dynamic capabilities theory are the most frequently used theoretical frameworks. Firm-level EO research dominates, while individual-level antecedents, such as leadership traits, are underexplored. EO has a positive impact on firm performance, innovation and internationalization, although contextual and moderating factors can influence these outcomes. Key gaps include the lack of qualitative studies and limited examinations of barriers to EO. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive SLR of EO research in Vietnam, providing critical insights into the methodological and theoretical gaps. It highlights the contextual uniqueness of Vietnam and its implications for EO frameworks, offering avenues for future research.