Effect of BMI on Mortality in Patients With Tuberculosis and HIV Coinfection in Asia and Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Low BMI significantly increases the risk of mortality among patients with TB and HIV coinfection in Asia and Africa, underscoring its prognostic and modifiable role in clinical outcomes. Routine nutritional screening, BMI monitoring, and targeted supplementation should be integrated into national TB-HIV management programs, particularly in resource-limited settings. Strengthening TB-HIV nutrition service integration is essential to improve survival and achieve global End TB and United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 95-95-95 targets.