Enhanced Imaging of Ocular Surface Lesions

Ocular surface lesions represent a diverse group of pathologies which may be challenging to diagnose clinically. Anterior segment imaging-including anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM)-provides valuable adjunct information for the diagnosis, management, and monitoring of these lesions. The present review aims to provide an update on the principles, current clinical applications, advantages, limitations, and recent advancements in the imaging modalities used for the evaluation of ocular surface lesions. Notable recent advancements include the application of artificial intelligence in the interpretation of AS-OCT, intraoperative use of AS-OCT, the development of three-dimensional UBM, and expanded applications of each modality for a variety of ocular surface lesions.