Prostate Cancer in the Digital Era: The Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Diagnosis and Treatment - A Literature Review

Abstract — Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common malignant tumor in men and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among them. In light of unfavorable epidemiological trends, there has been a dynamic development of diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Researchers are investigating the potential of AI in urologic oncology, which could be pivotal in personalized medicine for PCa. The aim of this study is to review the potential applications of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar and other scientific databases. Articles were retrieved in English, employing the keywords: „prostate cancer”, „artificial intelligence”, „diagnosis”, „prognosis”, „treatment”. In recent years, AI has gained increasing significance as a support tool in the diagnosis and treatment of PCa. AI algorithms can accelerate diagnosis, improve the consistency and precision of results, and predict the course of the disease and treatment efficacy, thereby aiding in optimal clinical decision-making. AI has the potential to match or even surpass the diagnostic accuracy of specialists, which could, in the future, reduce their workload. AI shows significant potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of PCa, but further research is necessary to fully understand its capabilities and limitations. Human oversight remains crucial to ensure the safe implementation of AI in clinical practice.