Gold Nanoparticles and Cyclodextrin Co-Modified Carbon Nanotube Materials for Constructing 3D-Printed Electrodes for the Detection of Bisphenol A

3D printing technology has received widely attention in electrochemical analysis, mainly attributed to its design flexibility, potential for miniaturization, and significant cost-effectiveness. These advantages make 3D printing as a key way to enhance the performance and popularity of electrochemical sensors. In this study, we successfully fabricated 3D-printed electrodes (3DEs) using carbon black/polylactic acid materials. Subsequently, the synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and cyclodextrin co-modified carbon nanotube (CNT-CD) materials were applied to the 3DE via electrochemical deposition to construct an AuNPs@CNT-CD@3DE sensor for the detection of bisphenol A (BPA). A series of detailed analysis of the prepared 3DE were conducted using microscopic and spectroscopic methods. The relevant properties of the prepared 3DE were evaluated using electrochemical detection methods. The results demonstrated that this sensor possessed remarkable performance in the detection of BPA with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.15 μM. In addition, the BPA recoveries of this sensor in environmental water samples ranged from 92.41% to 105.65%, suggesting that it can be effectively used for detecting BPA in real samples. These findings demonstrate the potential application value of the 3D-printed sensor in water quality monitoring and provide strong support for its accurate detection of BPA in environmental samples.