A Review on the Applications of Various Zeolites and Molecular Sieve Catalysts for Different Gas Phase Reactions: Present Trends in Research and Future Directions

Zeolites and molecular sieves have demonstrated remarkable potential in adsorption, ion exchange, and separation processes since their industrial revolution in the 1950s. Zeolites and molecular sieves are materials of choice in separation applications because of their well-defined microporous architecture, remarkable shape-selectiveness, and tunable characteristics. The adsorption process can be evaluated using an isotherm to determine the feasibility of gas mixture separation for practical applications. We will also discuss the basic structure of zeolites and molecular sieves based on different metals, along with their distinctive properties in detail. The purpose of this review is to contextualize the importance of zeolites and molecular sieves in adsorption and separation applications. The review has been divided into groups based on how zeolites as well as molecular sieves are established in the adsorption and separation processes. The fundamental adsorption characteristics, structures, and various separation methods that make zeolites appealing for different uses are covered. By incorporating knowledge of adsorption mechanisms, isotherms, and material changes, this review discusses the most recent developments. To augment zeolite-based materials for certain pollutant removal applications, it offers a strategic framework for future study. In this review, we will comprehensively discuss a range of separation and adsorption applications, including wastewater purification, CO2 capture from flue gases, and hydrogen storage. Furthermore, the review will explore emerging prospects of zeolites and molecular sieves in innovative fields such as energy storage, oil refining, and environmental remediation. Emphasis will be placed on understanding how their tunable pore structures, surface chemistry, and metal incorporation can enhance performance and broaden their applicability in sustainable and clean energy systems.