Dietary Sodium-Potassium Imbalance and Hypertension: Causal Pathways Involving Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis, Inflammation, and Metabolic Disorders

The UNa/UK ratio was significantly associated with HTN risk, systemic inflammation, GM dysbiosis, and metabolic disorders. Integrating both cross-sectional and MR approaches, our findings highlight the UNa/UK ratio as a clinically relevant biomarker and reinforce the role of dietary sodium-potassium balance in modulating HTN through underlying mechanisms involving inflammation, GM alterations, and metabolites.