Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Oligohydramnios at or Beyond 34 Weeks of Gestation: A Prospective Case–Control

Abstract Oligohydramnios is associated with increased obstetric interventions and adverse perinatal outcomes. Recent global and regional studies confirm these risks even in borderline cases. Methods: A prospective case–control study including 100 cases (AFI ≤5 cm) and 100 controls (AFI >5 cm) at ≥34 weeks, excluding PROM, anomalies, and multiple gestation. Outcomes: induction, non-reactive NST, meconium-stained liquor, cesarean, low birth weight, NICU admission, and perinatal morbidity/mortality. Statistical significance at p<0.05. Results: Induction rate was 45% vs 29% (p=0.019); non-reactive NST 36% vs 15% (p<0.001); meconium-stained liquor 43% vs 23% (p=0.003); cesarean delivery 54% vs 39% (p=0.033); LBW 50% vs 22% (p<0.001); 5-min Apgar <7 74% vs 39% (p<0.001); NICU stay >15 days 15% vs 5% (p=0.018). Conclusion: Oligohydramnios at ≥34 weeks significantly increases maternal interventions and neonatal morbidity. Vigilant monitoring and timely intervention are essential.