Optimization of the Effects of Electrodeposition Parameters on the Nickel-Based Composite Coatings’ Tribological Properties

Mechanical forces, chemical and electrochemical reactions, and environmental variables can all lead to surface degradation of parts. Composite coatings can be applied to these materials to enhance their surface characteristics. Recently, nickel-based composite coatings have gained greater attention because of their remarkable wear resistance. The efficiency, precision, and affordability of this process make it a popular method. In addition, electroplating nickel-based composites offers a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional dangerous coatings such as hard chrome. Tribological and wear characteristics are highly dependent on several variables, such as particle parameters, deposition energy, fluid dynamics, and bath composition. Mass loss, coefficient of friction, hardness, and roughness are quantitative properties that provide useful information for coating optimization and selection. Under optimized electrodeposition conditions, the Ni-SiC-graphite coatings achieved a 57% reduction in surface roughness (Ra), a 38% increase in microhardness (HV), and a 25% reduction in wear rate (Ws) compared to pure Ni coatings, demonstrating significant improvements in tribological performance. Overall, the incorporation of SiC nanoparticles was found to consistently improve microhardness while graphite or MoS2 reduces friction. Differences in wear rate among studies appear to result from variations in current density, particle size, or test conditions. Furthermore, researchers run tribology studies and calculate the volume percentage using a variety of techniques, but they fall short in providing a sufficient description of the interface. This work primarily contributes to identifying gaps in tribological research. With this knowledge and a better understanding of electrodeposition parameters, researchers and engineers can improve the lifespan and performance of coatings by tailoring them to specific applications.