ADVANCED IMAGE ANALYSIS OF CORNEAL ENDOTHELIAL DYSTROPHIES USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENT CONVOLUTION FILTERS

The human cornea is a complex structure composed of five distinct layers, each playing a crucial role in maintaining vision. Among these layers, the stroma stands out as the thickest, while the endothelium layer exhibits the highest cell density. The endothelium layer is characterized by hexagonally structured cells, which normally maintain the cornea's health and function. The major diseases such as Fuch's dystrophy (FD), advanced Fuch's dystrophy (AFD), posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy, Irido corneal dystrophy (ICD), mild polymegathism, and corneal guttata (CG) plays crucial role in reduction of endothelium cells in cornea. To know the condition of endothelium cells we conducted a study using a specular microscope, capturing a total of 13 images from different patients, each exhibiting FD, AFD, ICD, CG etc., To analyze these images, we utilize the Artificial Intelligent Convolution Filter (AICF) algorithm, which enabled us to extract key parameters related to the endothelium layer. These parameters are instrumental in assessing the health of the corneal endothelium and understanding how different dystrophies affect cell morphology. The parameters extracted by the AICF algorithm include Mean Cell Area (MCA), This parameter quantifies the average cell size, with values ranging from 79.5 µm² to 3485 µm². Elongation of Endothelial Cells (EEC) measures the shape of endothelial cells and varies from 3.11 µm² to 3.98 µm². Compactness Factor (CF) reflects the closeness of endothelial cells, with values spanning from 0.62 µm² to 0.93 µm². Heywood Circularity Factor (HCF) assesses the roundness of endothelial cells and exhibits a range of 0.8 µm² to 1.98 µm². Coefficient of Variation (CV) provides insights into the variability in cell sizes, with values ranging from 10 µm² to 99 µm². Hexagonality of Endothelial Cells (HEC) indicates the regularity of cell shapes and varies from 46.6 µm² to 65.2 µm².The statistical parameters serve as valuable indicators of the overall health of the endothelial layer and offer significant insights into how different corneal dystrophies impact the morphology of these crucial cells. By studying these parameters, we can better understand the progression and effects of various corneal conditions on the corneal endothelium. The AICF algorithm efficiently extracts the clinical features with diagnostic quality results 1000 milliseconds, which enhances the clinical interpretation time by over 90%, The algorithm offers scalable and reliable solution for automated corneal image analysis.