Gastroprotective potential of Dolichandrone falcata extract via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and mucosal healing

Background: Dolichandrone falcata, traditionally used for gastrointestinal disorders, has demonstrated antiulcer activity, but the underlying protective mechanisms remain unclear. This study evaluated the methanolic extract of D. falcata for gastroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities using ethanol- and pylorus-ligation–induced ulcer models in rats. Methodology: Wistar rats were divided into control, standard, and treatment groups. Ulcers were induced by ethanol or pyloric ligation. The extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and omeprazole (20 mg/kg) were administered orally. Ulcer index, gastric parameters, oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)], and inflammatory cytokines [TNF-α, IL-6] were assessed, supported by histopathological examination. Results and Discussion: The extract produced a dose-dependent reduction in the ulcer index in both models, with 76.6% protection at 400 mg/kg, comparable to omeprazole (79.7%). Histology revealed marked restoration of the gastric mucosa with minimal necrosis. MDA levels decreased significantly, while GSH, SOD, and CAT levels were elevated toward normal. TNF-α and IL-6 were markedly suppressed, indicating a reduction in oxidative and inflammatory injury. Conclusion: D. falcata extract demonstrated potent gastroprotective effects through antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and mucosal-healing mechanisms. This is the first biochemical and cytokine-based validation of its traditional use, suggesting strong potential for developing D. falcata as a plant-derived therapeutic for ulcer management.