Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Study on Iron–Folic Acid Supplementation in Pregnancy: A Case–Control Study

Abstract Background: Despite national programs in India distributing IFA tablets, maternal anemia persists due to gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). Objective: Compare KAP regarding IFA supplementation between anemic (cases) and non-anemic (controls) pregnant women. Methods: Case–control study at a tertiary hospital, n = 400 pregnant women (Hb < 11 g/dL = cases, ≥ 11 g/dL = controls). Structured pre-tested questionnaire assessed KAP. Chi-square and logistic regression; p < 0.05 significant. Results: Knowledge adequate in 68% of cases vs. 84% of controls (p < 0.01); positive attitude in 60% vs. 78% (p < 0.05); regular intake in 42% vs. 70% (p < 0.001). Side effects (35%), forgetfulness (22%), and lack of counselling (18%) were main barriers. Women with good knowledge had ~5× higher odds of compliance (aOR ≈ 5.4) similar to recent Indian data. Conclusion: Significant KAP gaps exist among anemic women. Enhancing counselling, minimizing side effects, and promoting early ANC can improve compliance.