Development and psychometric validation of the 13-item physician health and quality of life (Afya MedQoL) index: a nationwide cross-sectional survey of Brazilian physicians

Afya MedQoL Index is a psychometrically robust, 13-item instrument capturing personal, organisational and stress dimensions of physician well-being. Perceived Stress-shaped by workload, institutional climate and gender-was the most discriminative domain, while additional income beyond an upper-middle-class threshold conferred negligible benefit. Findings support policies aimed at capping duty hours, fostering 'just-culture' environments and expanding flexible work models.