Multimodal experimental and numerical characterization of acoustic performance in built environments via hybrid acoustic metrology

Accurate evaluation of acoustic performance in built environments is challenged by the complex interplay of sound transmission mechanisms across architectural materials and interfaces. Conventional methods often assess airborne, structure-borne, or porous media sound behavior in isolation, neglecting the interdependencies that influence real-world performance. This study presents a multimodal experimental and computational framework for the comprehensive characterization of acoustic behavior in building assemblies. Using hybrid acoustic metrology, the research integrates standardized testing procedures to assess sound insulation, impact noise attenuation, and airflow resistivity across a range of construction materials. A ceramic brick partition wall between 2 classrooms yielded a weighted standardized level difference D nT,w of 42 dB, falling below regulatory thresholds due to low-frequency underperformance and flanking transmission. Impact noise testing revealed that a floating wooden floor significantly outperformed flexible vinyl, achieving a ΔLw of 16 dB and exhibiting improved attenuation above 400 Hz, despite resonance-related dips around 250–315 Hz. Airflow resistivity measurements on melamine foam, mineral wool, and porous concrete demonstrated method-dependent variability, with melamine showing the highest resistance and porous concrete the lowest. The comparison of alternating airflow and differential pressure techniques showed consistent material trends with slight methodological divergence. These findings emphasize the necessity of integrated acoustic diagnostics that consider material properties, frequency-dependent dynamics, and construction-related imperfections. The proposed framework enhances predictive fidelity and offers practical insights for optimizing acoustic design in educational, residential, and commercial environments.