Enhancing Resilience and Efficiency in Low‐Voltage Resistive AC Microgrids Through Distributed Control Strategies

ABSTRACT This study focuses on islanded AC microgrids and addresses the dynamic stability challenges caused by renewable energy variability and uncertain load demand. The work specifically targets the secondary control layer, which plays a critical role in restoring voltage and frequency while ensuring accurate power sharing among distributed generators (DG). The primary control relies on conventional voltage–current (V–I) droop characteristics to provide decentralized operation, but this approach alone leads to steady‐state deviations and limited power‐sharing accuracy. To overcome these limitations, we propose an advanced distributed secondary control strategy based on consensus algorithms. At this layer, the two fundamental parameters of the droop characteristic—its slope and offset—are dynamically tuned in a coordinated manner. Active power sharing is improved by adjusting both the slope and the offset of the d‐axis droop, while reactive power control is refined through modifications to the q‐axis slope. This dual‐parameter adaptation ensures robust proportional power sharing, precise voltage regulation at the point of common coupling, and resilience against communication delays. The effectiveness of the proposed secondary control scheme is validated through detailed simulations in MATLAB/Simulink, demonstrating enhanced stability, faster transient recovery, and improved power quality under varying load conditions.