Dispersion Compensation Scheme with a Simple Structure in Ultra-High-Speed Optical Fiber Transmission Systems

With the explosive growth of global data traffic, long-distance fiber optic transmission systems are continuously evolving towards higher capacity and longer distances. However, to overcome the high complexity of fiber dispersion compensation algorithms, various dispersion compensation techniques have emerged. This paper aims to systematically review and summarize dispersion compensation algorithms in long-distance fiber optic transmission. First, we briefly introduce the physical mechanism of fiber dispersion. Then, this paper focuses on digital domain compensation algorithms, dividing them into two major categories: compensation algorithms without penalty and with penalty. For compensation algorithms without penalty, we elaborate on traditional block processing strategies such as Overlap-Save (OLS), and various enhanced strategies combining intelligent filter segmentation and optimized frequency domain workflows. For compensation algorithms with penalty, we focus on analyzing a scheme that redesigns chromatic dispersion compensation (CDC) algorithm into a hardware-friendly structure using geometric clustering of taps, and finite-impulse-response (FIR) filters based on frequency response approximating the ideal inverse chromatic dispersion (CD) transfer function. By numerical simulation, we analyze the core principles, computational complexity, and compensation performance of each type of algorithm. Finally, this paper summarizes the limitations and development trends of existing dispersion compensation algorithms, pointing out that low-complexity and small-scale deployment algorithm structures will be an important research direction in the future.