A comparative study of laparoscopic versus open ventral hernia repair: Clinical outcomes, post-operative complications, and recovery profiles

Background: Ventral hernia is a common abdominal wall defect that often requires surgical repair. Open ventral hernia repair (OVHR) has traditionally been used, but laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR) is gaining preference due to its minimally invasive approach and potential benefits in recovery and complications. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes, post-operative complications, and recovery profiles of laparoscopic versus OVHR. Materials and Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College, Datia, from October 2024 to September 2025. A total of 70 patients with ventral hernia were randomly assigned to undergo LVHR (n=35) or OVHR (n=35). Intraoperative variables, post-operative pain (Visual Analog Scale scores), recovery parameters, complications, and recurrence at 6 months were assessed. Results: The laparoscopic group had a significantly longer mean operative time (72.5±16.0 vs. 60.8±15.2 min, P=0.02) but demonstrated lower intraoperative blood loss (50±20 vs. 115±35 mL, P=0.001). Post-operative pain was significantly less in LVHR patients at days 1, 3, and 7 (all P<0.01). Recovery was faster, with earlier ambulation (1.3±0.5 vs. 2.4±0.9 days, P=0.001), shorter hospital stay (2.9±0.9 vs. 6.6±3.7 days, P=0.001), and quicker return to daily activities (12.0±4.0 vs. 17.2±5.2 days, P=0.001). Wound infection was lower in LVHR (2.9% vs. 17.1%, P=0.04). No recurrence was observed in LVHR compared to two cases in OVHR. Conclusion: LVHR provides superior post-operative outcomes compared to OVHR, with less pain, faster recovery, shorter hospitalization, and fewer complications, despite a slightly longer operative time. It should be considered the preferred approach in eligible patients where resources and surgical expertise are available.