Understanding Postpartum Mental Health in Vietnam: Impacts of Reproductive and Social Determinants

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common maternal mental health disorder with serious consequences for both mothers and infants, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of PPD and identify associated risk factors among postpartum women in central Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 906 women who delivered at Hue Central Hospital from May 2022 to May 2023. Participants were recruited during the third trimester and screened for depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), with a cut-off score of ≥10. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors of PPD. Results: The mean participant age was 28.4 ± 5.4 years. PPD prevalence was 17.1%. Significant predictors included being unmarried (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 4.55, 95% CI: 1.80–11.52), unintended pregnancy (aOR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.05–2.83), emotionally abusive husband (aOR = 3.71, 95% CI: 2.30–5.96), no babysitters (aOR = 3.95, 95% CI: 2.45–6.36), no husband’s support in childcare (aOR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.60–3.67). Conclusions: Nearly one in six women in this Vietnamese cohort experienced PPD. Key risk factors were social and reproductive, highlighting the importance of addressing marital status, pregnancy planning, partner violence, and familial support. These findings support integrating targeted mental health screening and support services into routine postpartum care.