Serological Evaluation of Anti- FSH antibody, and Anti- LH antibody In Iraqi women with polycystic ovarian syndrome

<ns3:p> Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal, metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. It can be induced by genetic, immunological, and environmental determinants. The main pathophysiology of PCOS, is hyperandrogenism, which can lead to acne, hirsutism, menstrual irregularities, as well as infertility. However, PCOS is also associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the role of, (anti-FSH, and anti-LH antibodies, in PCOS occurrence). Methods About 65 patients with PCOS, and 56 healthy women (controls) were recruited. Their ages were (20-45) years. Body mass index BMI was computed as, (weight) divided by (height squared, (kg/m <ns3:sup>2</ns3:sup> ). Blood samples were obtained randomly from the Medical City Hospital in Baghdad and private infertility clinics. This study was conducted between November 2024 and January 2025. The levels of anti-FSH and anti-LH antibodies were measured by ELISA. Results The results revealed a non-significant increase in anti-FSH antibody in patients (36.22±6.73) ng/ml, compared to controls (34.99±9.78 ng/ml), and a highly significant decrease in anti-LH antibody in patients (45.29±3.04 ng/ml), as compared to controls (69.16±10.90 ng/ml), (p&lt;0.05). The fertility hormone, FSH showed a non-significant increase in non- healthy women (8.12±0.74 mIU/ml), in contrast to healthy women (7.35±0.62 mIU/ml) (p&gt;0.05). While the LH hormone results was, in patients with PCOS (7.61±0.73 mIU/ml), as opposed to the control group it was (5.62±0.56 mIU/ml), the (p&gt;0.05). Finally, the LH/FSH ratio showed a non- significant increase in both patients (1.161±0.37) and controls (0.7819±0.22) (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion Women with PCOS showed increased LH levels and the LH/FSH ratio. However, a decrease in anti-LH antibody was accompanied by an increase of LH hormone and LH/FSH ratio. </ns3:p>