An analysis of the current state of pre-consumer textile waste in textile manufacturing: a case study

Purpose This paper aims to critically evaluate pre-consumer textile waste management practices in the Serbian (AP Vojvodina) textile sectors to identify challenges and opportunities for sustainability approaches. Design/methodology/approach A mixed-methods approach investigated pre-consumer textile waste management among 144 manufacturers in Serbia, from the textile production and apparel sectors. Data were collected through structured interviews and questionnaires, based on an analysis of production processes. Instruments measured waste and practices. Interviews were conducted either in person or online; questionnaires were administered electronically. The study focused on identifying key points of waste generation and exploring the sustainability potential of digital technology. Data analysis used thematic coding and statistics, with a focus on recycling, reuse and disposal practices. Findings The study shows disparities in waste management and digitalization between large and small textile firms. Larger firms use authorized waste handlers and sustainable practices, while micro and little enterprises rely on municipal disposal, with limited recycling due to a lack of awareness, inadequate infrastructure and limited access to digital tools. Barriers include a lack of technical knowledge and inadequate support. The findings underscore the need for policies such as mandatory waste reporting, training, infrastructure and digital tools to promote circular and sustainable textile production. Research limitations/implications A structured survey was conducted among 144 textile and apparel manufacturing companies of different production capacities located in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Serbia). The study aimed to collect detailed data and provide comprehensive insights into existing pre-consumer textile waste management practices. To improve validity, a mixed-methods approach was used, combining structured interviews and questionnaires, with data collected through in-person, online and electronic formats. However, several limitations should be noted. The study depends on self-reported data, which may be subject to response bias. In addition, the regional focus on the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Serbia) limits how well the findings can be applied to other geographic or industrial contexts. Finally, ongoing technological and regulatory changes in the textile industry may affect the relevance of the results over time. Practical implications The study offers practical insights to enhance textile waste management, particularly in small businesses and supports policy and industry initiatives aimed at adopting circular and sustainable practices. Originality/value The study highlights gaps in the small enterprise sector and suggests strategies to support a circular, tech-enabled textile sector. The findings offer practical value for policymakers and industry stakeholders.