A correlation of Worst Pattern of Invasion (WPOI) and Tumor budding (TB) with clinicopathological factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)

Both WPOI and TB are found to be significantly associated with the clinicopathological factors like stage, Depth of invasion (DOI), and metastatic lymph nodes. They are highly reproducible and can be easily evaluated on routine H and E sections, thus proving to be cost effective in a resource poor setting. They can be used as independent prognostic markers in OSCC and thus help in deciding the treatment plan for the patients.