Impact of climate change on water quality of Zarqa Stream Basin: Evidence from Jordan

Climate change poses substantial threat to water quality in Jordan. It may lead to saline water intrusion into freshwater reserves, increased water pollution, and scarcity of freshwater. This study aims to investigate the impact of climate change on water quality in Zarqa Stream Basin, Jordan. One hundred and twenty water samples were collected from Zarqa Stream, and were distributed equally between the three study locations, namely, Jerash, Zarqa, and King Talal Dam. Laboratory analyses and tests, that is; basic water components, were performed on the water samples according to the standards approved in the specialized laboratories of the Ministry of Health, Jordan, and the Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Jordan. The study results uncovered variations in concentrations of chemical parameters of water quality among the three studied sites (Zarqa, Jerash, and King Talal Dam), suggesting diverse effects due to environmental pollution and surrounding conditions. Water quality varies in Zarqa Stream Basin from a location to another, and despite the fact that some indicators meet international standards, the water has high level of turbidity, high concentrations of dissolved substances, and a high electrical conductivity, making it unsuitable for human drinking. The study highlights organic pollution and changes in certain chemical elements. This necessitates adoption and implementation of effective measures to improve and protect the water quality in this basin. Non-essential water components have been significantly affected by climate change, with some surpassing safe limits. This calls for rapid treatment and continued monitoring to avoid negative consequences. These changes should be considered in water quality assessments. Additionally, awareness of the impact of climate change on water quality should be raised and the local communities should be encouraged to take action to preserve water resources and protect the water quality from deterioration