Current Evidence on Safety, Efficacy and Efficiency of Sublingual Vaccine Uromune® in Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: A Literature Review

Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) are a prevalent public health problem in women, with significant clinical, psychological, and economic consequences. Standard antibiotic prophylaxis, while effective, is limited in the medium term due to the risk of bacterial resistance and potential side effects. This narrative review summarizes the current evidence on the efficacy, safety, and economic impact of Uromune^®-a sublingual bacterial vaccine-as a preventive strategy for rUTIs. A literature search was conducted, focusing on systematic reviews and meta-analyses that evaluated Uromune^® in women and in other specific at-risk populations. Available data show that Uromune^® reduces the frequency of UTI episodes, prolongs recurrence-free intervals, and decreases overall antibiotic use. The vaccine has a favorable safety profile, with predominantly mild adverse effects and a low discontinuation rate. Furthermore, its use has been associated with improved quality of life and a marked reduction in direct and indirect healthcare costs. These findings support Uromune^® as an effective, safe, and potentially cost-effective alternative to conventional antibiotic prophylaxis in the current context of increasing antimicrobial resistance.