Optimal planning of charging stations considering electric vehicles’ temporal-spatial charging scheduling

In recent years, the increasing demand for electric vehicle (EV) charging has put forward higher requirements for constructing electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs). The EVCS planning is a problem of high complexity of power grid and transportation system integration, which can simultaneously consider the reasonability of EVs’ charging scheduling and the interests of multiple stakeholders. This paper proposes an optimal capacity planning method for EVCSs, considering the demands of participants, including EV users, charging station operators, power distribution systems, and transportation networks. Moreover, the temporal and spatial charging scheduling characteristics of EVs are properly modeled in the proposed method, which accurately reflects the relationship between the EV charging behaviors and the operation state of the coupled power-transportation system. The established optimization model is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem by the polyhedral approximation method based on “ε-relaxed” and the equivalent substitution method. Finally, the proposed planning method in this paper is validated through simulation in an urban area with a coupled power-transportation system. Compared to planning methods that only consider single-dimensional charging scheduling, the proposed method can balance the interests of multiple stakeholders and has significant economic benefits. • A comprehensive EVCS planning method based on power-traffic systems is proposed. • The temporal-spatial scheduling feature of EVs with user willingness is provided. • The interests of multiple stakeholders are collaboratively considered. • The intermittent charging mode and variable power mode of EVs are involved.