Twisted Ice, Active Boundaries, and Curved Matter: Re-Evaluating Surfaces as Dynamic Agents in Physics

This paper reviews emerging evidence that mechanically strained ice exhibits organised electrical behaviour, including flexoelectric responses and surface ferroelectric states. These findings contribute to a growing recognition that boundaries and regions of curvature are not merely geometric abstractions, but physically active environments in which matter reorganises and displays distinct functional properties. Within this broader perspective, the ψ₀-OCM framework assigns boundaries and curvature a central organising role. Ice is used here as a representative case study, illustrating how surface-dominated behaviour can arise under mechanical constraint while remaining compatible with established physical results. The work formalises a boundary-centred modelling perspective and records conceptual precedence for treating surfaces as dynamic agents in physical theory.