A Review of Studies on Burnout Among Doctors in Saudi Arabia

Background: Burnout among doctors in Saudi Arabia is a rising issue, affecting well-being, healthcare quality, and patient outcomes. This scoping review examines burnout among physicians in Saudi Arabia, offering a comprehensive overview of its prevalence, contributing factors, and implications. Methods: A systematic literature search (2000–2024) was conducted across major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) for English-language studies using validated burnout assessments among physicians in Saudi Arabia. Data were analyzed using descriptive and thematic approaches. Results: Burnout prevalence varied widely (17.6%–100%), with the highest rates observed among emergency medicine physicians, intensive care unit (ICU) fellows, and surgical residents. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were most frequently reported. Key contributing factors included younger age, marital status, heavy workloads, frequent on-call shifts, inadequate resources, and limited support for non-Saudi physicians. High burnout correlated with increased medical errors, reduced care quality, and physician attrition. Emotional intelligence, mindfulness, and physical activity provided some protection, while institutional strategies like workload redistribution and mental health support were also beneficial. Residents and non-Saudi physicians were particularly vulnerable. Conclusions: Burnout is prevalent and multifactorial among physicians in Saudi Arabia, requiring targeted interventions at both systemic and individual levels. There is an urgent need for policies addressing workload, support systems, and cultural factors to mitigate burnout and improve physicians' well-being, thereby guiding research and promoting sustainable healthcare solutions aligned with national priorities.