Preparation of Self-Assembled Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticles Decorated with Trastuzumab as a Paclitaxel Delivery System

This study reports the development of paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles (NPs), surface-decorated with trastuzumab (TMAB), with potential applicability in HER2-oriented delivery. The NPs were obtained via thermally driven self-assembly followed by non-covalent antibody adsorption and they were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and ζ-potential analysis. The drug association efficiency (<i>%DAE</i>), defined exclusively for PTX, was high for both HSA-PTX and HSA-PTX-TMAB NPs (96.4% and 98.2% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>, respectively), with loading capacities (<i>%LC</i>) of 8.9% and 7.4%, respectively. TMAB decoration led to a modest increase in mean diameter and a reduction in surface charge, consistent with successful surface modification. Both formulations exhibited rapid early-phase PTX release followed by an apparent stabilization phase, with distinct kinetic behavior between HSA-PTX and HSA-PTX-TMAB NPs. Cytotoxicity in A549 cells after 18 h of exposure showed modest, non-differential effects consistent with controlled release and short-term assessment of non-specific toxicity. Overall, this thermally assembled albumin-based system provides a promising foundation for further evaluation of HER2-oriented PTX delivery.