Extending multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy to time-to-event outcomes: an application of survival MAIHDA to Korean health data

Applying a multilevel survival (shared frailty) model within MAIHDA enables examination of when disparities emerge, not just whether they exist. This approach retains MAIHDA's interpretability while leveraging time-to-event data, offering advantages in settings with incomplete follow-up or irregular observation windows.