Multi-Organ Dysfunction with Supraventricular Tachycardia, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Multiple Genetic Variants and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in An Extremely Preterm Infant: A Case Report

Abstract Background: Extremely preterm infants born to mothers with severe preeclampsia and intrauterine fetal death face significant morbidity and mortality risks. Multi-organ dysfunction in these infants presents complex management challenges requiring coordinated intensive care. Case Presentation: We describe a female neonate delivered at 31+5 weeks gestation (birth weight 1.98kg) via emergency cesarean delivery following maternal preeclampsia and co-twin intrauterine demise. The neonate experienced severe respiratory distress syndrome, persistent pulmonary hypertension, septic shock, necrotizing enterocolitis, acute kidney injury, neonatal seizures, supraventricular tachycardia, and patent foramen ovale with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. Additional complications included subcortical leukomalacia with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and genetic variants affecting multiple organ systems. After 14 weeks of intensive care management, discharge occurred in stable condition. Conclusion: Extremely preterm neonates experiencing multiple organ dysfunction may achieve favorable outcomes through comprehensive intensive care and timely recognition of complications.