Participation of a Battery-Equipped Port in the FCR-N Frequency Reserve and Day-Ahead Spot Market

Recent developments in port electrification, such as the installation of battery energy storage systems (BESS) and the implementation of on-shore power supply (OPS) systems, have made it possible for ports to participate as potential players in both frequency reserve and electricity day-ahead spot markets. The frequency containment reserve (FCR) is a fast-responding ancillary service that helps stabilize grid frequency by adjusting power supply or demand. For normal frequency deviations in the grid, the FCR-N frequency market is utilized. To investigate the potential for port participation in both the FCR-N and electricity spot market, this paper proposes an optimization framework that considers the operational constraints of the port and the regulatory requirements of the markets, aiming to determine the optimal battery capacity allocation to the FCR-N market.