Diagnostic significance of local immunity markers during orthopedic dental rehabilitation

Purpose of the study. Determination of the diagnostic value of various cytokines in oral fluid in dynamics during the period of orthopedic rehabilitation of patients with acquired jaw defects. Material and methods. During clinical observation, anamnesis was collected and patients were examined at various times after prosthetics. To analyze the local immune status, a method was used to determine the concentration of proinflammatory (IL-1β, IL-8) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β1, IL-4, IL-10) cytokines, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF A) in oral fluid. Statistical processing of the results included the nonparametric Friedman criterion to assess intergroup differences and Spearman correlation analysis to identify relationships between the studied parameters. Results. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the most informative markers for diagnosing chronic inflammation during orthopedic rehabilitation are interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Statistically significant differences in the content of these cytokines were revealed between the periods of 3 and 6 months after prosthetics. A strong negative correlation between IL-10 and VEGF A, IL-8 and TGFβ1, IL-8 and IL-10, IL-8 and VEGF A during these time intervals indicates the important role of these indicators in assessing the dynamics of the inflammatory process. Conclusion. Prosthetics of acquired jaw defects that arose after surgery is an integral part of the clinical practice of a dentist. The success of prosthetics and the effectiveness of subsequent rehabilitation largely depend on an adequate assessment of the state of local immunity. Quantitative determination of IL8, IL10, TGF-β1, VEGF levels in oral fluid can serve as a highly informative diagnostic criterion for the timely detection and correction of chronic inflammation in patients during orthopedic rehabilitation.