A Comparative Analysis of Intratesticular Versus Intra‐Epididymal Injections of Clove Essential Oil on Male Dog Sterilization
Clove-oil injections could provide an effective, less invasive alternative to surgical castration. ITI administration was simpler and produced permanent testicular damage, whereas IEI treatment induced mainly functional changes with minimal structural disruption by Day 40. Confirming reversibility of epididymal effects will require comprehensive long-term investigation.
Authors
- M Jahani Moghadam
- Mohammad Hossein Safari
- Shadi Emami Moghadam
- Pegah Valitabar
- Morteza Poormohammad
- Fariborz Moayer
- Ourang Ataie Amarloie
Institutions
- Islamic Azad University, Karaj (IR)
- University of Tehran (IR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Veterinary Medicine and Science
- Published
- 2025-12-30
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70749
- Primary Topic
- Sperm and Testicular Function
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Islamic Azad University