Enhancing inclusion through individualized communication in adults with Intellectual Disabilities (ID)

Background Adults with severe Intellectual Disabilities (ID) often rely on idiosyncratic non-verbal communication forms. While effective with familiar caregivers, these individualized repertoires are often inadequate in broader social contexts, leading to frustration and challenging behaviors. This study explores the use of personalized communication aids to enhance inclusion and reduce communication barriers. Methods Adopting an action research approach, the study focused on three non-verbal participants in a day-care setting. The team created personalized "communicative vocabularies"—physical binders containing annotated photographs of the users' gestures and vocalizations. Assessments included the SED-S scale for emotional development, the BASIQ for quality of life, and staff questionnaires to evaluate the tool's integration and effectiveness. Results Data analysis indicated a correlation between the level of emotional development and the breadth of the user's expressive vocabulary, with higher development phases corresponding to a higher number of distinct signs. Feedback revealed that while familiar staff perceived less need for the tool, it was unanimously recognized as essential for new or temporary caregivers to understand patients effectively. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between vocabulary usage and improved social interactions. Conclusion The creation of individualized communicative vocabularies is a valuable intervention for adults with ID. It supports continuity of care, facilitates interaction with unfamiliar partners, and promotes social inclusion by validating the individual’s unique communicative style.