The efficacy of 0.25% bupivacaine infiltration in tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy in singular stone of the pelvis: A randomized clinical trial

Infiltration of the nephrostomy tract with 0.25% bupivacaine is a simple and effective method for significantly reducing postoperative pain at 6, 12, and 24 h after tubeless PCNL. This technique provides a sustained analgesic benefit and should be considered for routine implementation to enhance patient recovery.