Two-Year Functional Outcomes of Peripheral Nerve Injuries Following the Earthquake

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the types of peripheral nerve injuries that developed after the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes of February 6, 2023, the accompanying complications, the treatments applied and the functional outcomes obtained at the end of a two-year follow-up period. The study also sought to reveal the long-term functional impact of nerve damage caused by crush injuries and compartment pressure following earthquakes. Methods: This retrospective study included 19 patients diagnosed with peripheral nerve injury after the earthquake, who completed a 24-month follow-up. Diagnoses were confirmed through physical examination, electromyography (EMG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) when necessary. Data regarding the affected nerve, surgical interventions, systemic complications, orthosis use and rehabilitation processes were recorded. Functional outcomes were assessed with nerve-specific validated scales: peroneal (FAAM, AOFAS), radial (DASH), sciatic (LEFS) and brachial plexus (CSS). Results: The most frequently affected nerve was the peroneal nerve (42%), followed by sciatic, radial and brachial plexus injuries. Fasciotomy was performed in 62% of the patients and 74% underwent additional surgical procedures. Functional scores remained generally low at the end of the second year; however, patients who maintained regular rehabilitation follow-up demonstrated more notable improvement. Regression analysis showed that prolonged time under debris and undergoing fasciotomy independently predicted poorer functional outcomes. Conclusion: Peripheral nerve injuries following earthquakes may be overlooked in the acute period but can lead to long-term functional deficits. Regular follow-up, a multidisciplinary approach and uninterrupted rehabilitation are essential for optimal recovery. Disruption of rehabilitation services in disaster settings significantly limits functional improvement.