Modeling Electroporation Dynamics in Liposomes and Cells Exposed to Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields for Optimized Drug Delivery

Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) are widely used to induce electroporation in biological membranes, enabling drug delivery applications. This work presents a multiphysics numerical study to analyze the electroporation dynamics of liposomes and a single cell exposed to nsPEFs, comparing in vitro conditions with a tissue-embedded scenario. The results highlight the influence of tissue properties on TMP evolution and membrane poration, emphasizing the need for more detailed predictive models to optimize nsPEF-based drug delivery. Developing accurate simulations enables fine-tuning of PEF parameters to maximize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing unwanted effects.