Traumatic Optic Neuropathy After Head Trauma: Pathophysiology, Interventions, and Evidence From Meta‐Analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis provides indicative evidence that early surgical decompression may offer superior outcomes compared with corticosteroid therapy, especially for indirect injuries. Specifically, this meta-analysis suggests that surgical intervention may offer superior outcomes without increasing adverse events. Nevertheless, the evidence base remains limited, and these results should be interpreted with caution. While corticosteroids alone show limited benefit and may be considered adjunctive when surgery is not feasible, high-quality multicenter randomized trials are urgently needed to standardize treatment protocols and optimize patient outcomes.