Diagnostic Value of Neutrophilic-lymphocytic Ratio, Platelet-lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet Indices in Preeclampsia: A Case-control Study

Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific disorder affecting 3-14% of pregnant women characterised by endothelial dysfunction, and activation of the coagulation system. Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and Plateletcrit (PCT) have all been recognised as Systemic Inflammatory Response (SIR) markers. Alteration of these parameters can have significant effect on prognosis. Aim: To compare the NLR, PLR, and platelet indices between women with preeclampsia and normotensive pregnant women at Tertiary Care Centre. Materials and Methods: The present case-control study was conducted from June 2022 to May 2023 at Government medical college Nizamabad, Telangana, India. The study compared 44 pregnant women aged 18-40 years with preeclampsia diagnosed at term with 44 normotensive women matched for gestational age. A 3 mL of venous blood samples were drawn and Complete Blood Count (CBC) was analysed using Sysmex XN 1000, 5-part analyser. The parameters recorded were haemoglobin, platelet count, MPV, PCT, and Platelet Distribution Width (PDW). Results were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23. Independent sample t-test was used to compare continuous variables between cases and controls. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated from ROC curve analysis. Results: A significant difference was found in NLR, MPV and PDW values between PE group and normotensive group (p<0.05). NLR, MPV, PDW showed an increase in mean difference of 6.76±3.76, 10.63±1.13,14.19±2.75 in PE group, respectively. However, PLR (p=0.628) doesn’t show any statistical significance. Conclusion: From the above findings of the study it is emphasised that NLR, MPV, PDW are significantly higher in PE than normotensive pregnancies and serve as cost-effective, accessible inflammatory marker in predicting preeclampsia.