Evaluation of In Vitro Anti-sickling Potential of Syzygium aromaticum

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary genetic blood disorder affects millions of people across the globe. The SCD is due to point mutation in globin gene of heamolobin, which causes normal red blood cells to deform into a sickle shape. These investigations aimed to screening of the phytochemicals and assess the anti-sickling potential of different solvent fractions of S. aromaticum (Clove) using in vitro models. Analysis of S. aromaticum extract through phytochemical screening revealed it contains flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, phenols, glycosides, and tannins. The anti-sickling activity of fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous) was assessed using sodium metabisulphite-induced sickling of HbSS erythrocytes. Based on results demonstrated that among the fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest sickling reversal activity at (78%), followed by butanol (68%), aqueous (52%), and n-hexane (38%) fractions. Significantly sickled cells returned to their typical biconcave shape following treatment according to microscopic observation. Based on these results S. aromaticum may be a promising phytotherapeutic agent for the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD) and contains bioactive compounds that can reverse erythrocyte sickling.