Assessment of Sexual Dysfunction and Its Correlates in Females Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is highly prevalent in India and affects many aspects of health, including sexual well-being. While male sexual problems are well documented, female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in women with diabetes often remains overlooked. This study explored the prevalence of FSD and its links with age, diabetes duration, and glycemic control. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 90 women with T2DM attending a tertiary hospital outpatient clinic were recruited through convenience sampling. Postmenopausal and non-sexually active women, or those with major comorbidities, were excluded. Data were collected using a sociodemographic pro-forma and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Glycemic control was defined by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (<7% = good control). Statistical tests included descriptive analysis and correlation. Results: FSD was identified in 77% of participants. Desire, arousal, and lubrication difficulties were most common (each affecting 97%), followed by orgasm and satisfaction problems (95%). Women with poor glycemic control were nearly seven times more likely to report FSD (OR = 6.89, P = .007). Older age ( r = −0.224, P = .033) and longer diabetes duration ( r = −0.402, P = .001) were both linked with lower FSFI scores. Conclusion: FSD is common among women with T2DM and is closely tied to age, duration of illness, and poor glycemic control. Addressing sexual health in diabetes care can improve both well-being and quality of life, highlighting the need for routine screening and supportive interventions.