Comprehensive capsular, lipopolysaccharide, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance profiling of Pasteurella multocida isolated from buffaloes in Vietnam: First report of capsular type D and predominant L2 genotype

This study establishes the first multilocus molecular profile of <i>P. multocida</i> in Vietnamese buffaloes, highlighting the emergence of capsular type D and the dominance of L2 genotypes. These findings support better diagnostics, vaccine antigen selection, and antimicrobial stewardship. Future work using multilocus sequence typing/whole-genome sequencing across livestock species will improve understanding of regional transmission dynamics within a One Health framework.